Exploring the trends of breathlessness and mortality in conjunction with AQI in India’s coal capital, Dhanbad

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47203/IJCH.2023.v35i04.006

Keywords:

Cross-Sectional Studies, Logistic Models, Mortality, Premature, Air Pollution, Morbidity, India, Coal

Abstract

Background: Air Quality Index (AQI) has been evidenced to be linked with various health problems including NCDs. Globally, the combined effect of ambient air and household air pollution causes 6.7 million premature deaths. Objective: A study was undertaken to understand various associations of AQI and morbidity data, indigenous to the coal capital region of India. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study where district AQI data was obtained from the state of Jharkhand while mortality and morbidity data were collected from our medical college. MS Excel and SPSS were used to analyse the data. Results: During the study period, the AQI of Dhanbad has been moderate to poor. The lowest AQI was noted in May 2020 at 105 while the highest in June 2019 at 217. The highest admission, due to respiratory illness, was noted in May 2020 with AQI of 105. Using univariate analysis age categorisation was statistically significant, as the respiratory illness was highest in >85 years age group. In logistic regression, it has the highest odds of 2.9 (1.5-5.5). Conclusion: This region-specific indigenous information is expected to provide a valuable tool for Air quality managers for more focused action. It also highlights the health impacts of the worsening air quality.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Pandey A, Brauer M, Cropper ML, Balakrishnan K, Mathur P, Dey S, et al. Health and economic impact of air pollution in the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Planet Health. 2021 Jan;5(1):e25–38.

Christian Lindmeier W. 9 out of 10 people worldwide breathe polluted air, but more countries are taking action. Saudi Med J 2018;39(6):641.

Rajak R, Chattopadhyay A. Short and Long Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Impact on Health in India: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Health Res. 2020 Nov 1;30(6):593–617.

Balakrishnan K, Dey S, Gupta T, Dhaliwal RS, Brauer M, Cohen AJ, et al. The impact of air pollution on deaths, disease burden, and life expectancy across the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet Planet Health. 2019 Jan;3(1):e26–39.

Selman M, Pardo A, King TE. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012 Aug 15;186(4):314–24.

Du Y, Xu X, Chu M, Guo Y, Wang J. Air particulate matter and cardiovascular disease: the epidemiological, biomedical and clinical evidence. J Thorac Dis. 2016 Jan;8(1):E8–19.

Gordon T, Balakrishnan K, Dey S, Rajagopalan S, Thornburg J, Thurston G, et al. Air pollution health research priorities for India: Perspectives of the Indo-U.S. Communities of Researchers. Environ Int. 2018 Oct;119:100–8.

IQAir. (n.d.). World’s Most Polluted Cities in 2021 - PM2.5 Ranking. https://www.iqair.com/in-en/world-most-polluted-cities . 2022.Last accessed on 25-12-2023

Fullerton DG, Bruce N, Gordon SB. Indoor air pollution from biomass fuel smoke is a major health concern in the developing world. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008 Sep;102(9):843–51.

CPCB?; GoI. National Air Quality Ambient Monitoring. 2021.

CPCB GoI. (CPCB, Central Pollution control board GOI Calculator, Assessed on 29th Nov 2021 https://app.cpcbccr.com/ccr_docs/AQI%20-Calculator.xls) The following criteria was used for grading of AQI values. 2017. Last accessed on 25-12-2023

Nongkynrih B, Gupta S, Rizwan S. “Air pollution in Delhi: Its Magnitude and Effects on Health.” Indian Journal of Community Medicine. 2013;38(1):4.

Guan WJ, Zheng XY, Chung KF, Zhong NS. Impact of air pollution on the burden of chronic respiratory diseases in China: time for urgent action. The Lancet. 2016 Oct;388(10054):1939–51.

Khilnani GC, Tiwari P. Air pollution in India and related adverse respiratory health effects. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2018 Mar;24(2):108–16.

Jindal SK, Aggarwal AN, Jindal A. Household air pollution in India and respiratory diseases. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2020 Mar;26(2):128–34.

Agarwal A, Kaushik A, Kumar S, Mishra RK. Comparative study on air quality status in Indian and Chinese cities before and during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Air Qual Atmos Health. 2020 Oct 23;13(10):1167–78.

Abedi A, Baygi MM, Poursafa P, Mehrara M, Amin MM, Hemami F, et al. Air pollution and hospitalization: an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020 Aug 29;27(24):30673–80.

Sharma S, Zhang M, Anshika, Gao J, Zhang H, Kota SH. Effect of restricted emissions during COVID-19 on air quality in India. Science of The Total Environment. 2020 Aug;728:138878.

Singh RP, Chauhan A. Impact of lockdown on air quality in India during COVID-19 pandemic. Air Qual Atmos Health. 2020 Aug 7;13(8):921–8.

Nigam R, Pandya K, Luis AJ, Sengupta R, Kotha M. Positive effects of COVID-19 lockdown on air quality of industrial cities (Ankleshwar and Vapi) of Western India. Sci Rep. 2021 Feb 19;11(1):4285.

Popescu F, Ionel I. Anthropogenic Air Pollution Sources. In: Air Quality. Sciyo; 2010.

Chen LWA, Chien LC, Li Y, Lin G. Nonuniform impacts of COVID-19 lockdown on air quality over the United States. Science of The Total Environment. 2020 Nov;745:141105.

Liu F, Wang M, Zheng M. Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on global air quality and health. Science of The Total Environment. 2021 Feb;755:142533

Downloads

Published

2023-12-31

How to Cite

1.
Jha RR, Kumar V, Tiwari A, Singh SK, Shreshtha S, Rana RK. Exploring the trends of breathlessness and mortality in conjunction with AQI in India’s coal capital, Dhanbad. Indian J Community Health [Internet]. 2023 Dec. 31 [cited 2024 Oct. 12];35(4):417-23. Available from: https://iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/2686

Issue

Section

Original Article

Dimensions Badge