Exploring the Insights: Unraveling the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Diabetics Regarding Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy in Hail, Saudi Arabia

Njoud S. Alanezi; Layan Alshammari; Fatima Albahar; Shuruq Alshammari; Maryam Albahar; Khalid Alrashidi; Abdulilah Albedair; Abrar syed Ali; Bilal syed Ali; Mohd Saleem; Azharuddin Sajid Syed Khaja

Authors

Njoud S. Alanezi Medical Intern, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, KSA https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5807-5986
Layan Alshammari Medical Intern https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7943-7828
Fatima Albahar Medical Intern https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1157-9559
Shuruq Alshammari Medical Intern
Maryam Albahar Medical Intern https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7785-0344
Khalid Alrashidi Medical Intern, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, KSA https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0675-246X
Abdulilah Albedair Medical Intern https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3982-226X
Abrar syed Ali Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, KSA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0563-3742
Bilal syed Ali Department of ophthalmology, Liaquat national medical and dental college hospital, Karachi, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6113-4686
Mohd Saleem Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, KSA https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2813-6279
Azharuddin Sajid Syed Khaja https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1594-1826

Keywords:

Diabetes, Diabetic retinopathy, Ophthalmology, KAP study in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background and aim: Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder that causes high blood glucose levels. In Saudi Arabia, it is a major health concern. This study aims to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of diabetic patients towards diabetes and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Hail, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hail from February 2023 to June 2023. Data entry and analysis were done using RStudio.

Results: A total of 300 participants participated in the survey, with most being females (57.0%) aged 18-34 years (51.4%). Poor knowledge was notably higher among older participants aged 35-50 years (92.8%). Males had significantly more negative attitudes than females (37.8% vs. 24.7%, p = 0.019). Negative attitudes were also more common among those with lower incomes (16.7%, 29.5%, and 62.5% for high-, middle-, and low-income groups, respectively, p = 0.008). Practice levels among patients with and without DR were compared, showing no significant differences across sociodemographic groups.

Conclusions: The study revealed a lack of patient information linked to negative attitudes towards diabetes, particularly in lower-income groups. Education was significantly related to effective disease control. Thus, enhancing diabetes and DR education and awareness, especially in Hail, is imperative for individuals with diabetes.

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Exploring the Insights: Unraveling the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Diabetics Regarding Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy in Hail, Saudi Arabia

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