Challenges of Second-hand Smoke: Are We Asking the Right Questions?

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47203/IJCH.2023.v35i01.002

Keywords:

Second hand smoke’, Cancer, Stroke, Cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sudden infant death syndrome, COTPA

Abstract

Second-hand tobacco smoke as defined by WHO is the smoke emitted by a smoker or released from a burnt cigarette or any tobacco product. It is highly prevalent all over the globe but its serious health implications are often neglected by the public and the scientific community alike. Second-hand smoke has everlasting impact on all the body’s major organs, especially among the vulnerable population of children, pregnant ladies, people with chronic diseases and senior citizens. Although India started its war against this menace earlier than other counties, all its efforts remain bootless as its approach and implementation have a wide range of lacunae. This review aims to give a big picture of second-hand smoke, highlighting its pathophysiological changes in the body, socioeconomic impact, various strategies, and the gap that prevents these strategies from finding a favorable result in India. It becomes all the more important to reduce its impact owing to the increase in prevalence among youth reducing their vitality, derailing the society and the nation. It is recommended that the health authorities approach this health problem with utmost seriousness as a laid-back approach could welcome this silent killer’s known and unknown repercussions.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

St Claire S, Gouda H, Schotte K, Fayokun R, Fu D, Varghese C, Prasad VM. Lung health, tobacco, and related products: gaps, challenges, new threats, and suggested research. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. 2020 May 1;318(5):L1004-7.

Chhabra A, Hussain S, Rashid S. Recent trends of tobacco use in India. Journal of Public Health. 2021 Feb;29(1):27-36.

John RM, Dauchy EP. Healthcare Costs Attributable to Second-hand Smoke Exposure Among Indian Adults. Nicotine Tob Res. 2022 Aug 6;24(9):1478-1486.

Martins-Green M, Adhami N, Frankos M, Valdez M, Goodwin B, Lyubovitsky J, Dhall S, Garcia M, Egiebor I, Martinez B, Green HW. Cigarette smoke toxins deposited on surfaces: implications for human health. PloS one. 2014 Jan 29;9(1):e86391.

John RM, Sinha P, Munish VG, Tullu FT. Economic Costs of Diseases and Deaths Attributable to Tobacco Use in India, 2017-2018. Nicotine Tob Res. 2021 Jan 22;23(2):294-301

Lesmes GR, Donofrio KH. Passive smoking: the medical and economic issues. Am J Med. 1992 Jul 15;93(1A):38S-42S.

Zarocostas J. WHO report warns deaths from tobacco could rise beyond eight million a year by 2030. BMJ. 2008 Feb 9;336(7639):299.

GBD 2015 Chronic Respiratory Disease Collaborators. Global, regional, and national deaths, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years, and years lived with disability for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet Respir Med. 2017 Sep;5(9):691-706.

Oberg M, Jaakkola MS, Woodward A, Peruga A, Prüss-Ustün A. Worldwide burden of disease from exposure to second-hand smoke: a retrospective analysis of data from 192 countries. Lancet. 2011 Jan 8;377(9760):139-46.

Cornfield J, Haenszel W, Hammond EC, Lilienfeld AM, Shimkin MB, Wynder EL. Smoking and lung cancer: recent evidence and a discussion of some questions. Journal of the National Cancer institute. 1959 Jan 1;22(1):173-203.

MacDorman MF, Mathews TJ. Infant mortality statistics from the 2004 period linked birth, infant death data set.

US Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke: a report of the Surgeon General.

Mulhern RK, Merchant TE, Gajjar A, Reddick WE, Kun LE.

Late neurocognitive sequelae in survivors of brain tumours in childhood. The lancet oncology. 2004 Jul 1;5(7):399-408.

Adams KK, Beem A, Diener E, Merritt TA. Protecting the Vulnerable: The Importance of Effective Parental Tobacco-Dependence Treatment During Prenatal and Newborn Care. Pediatr Allergy Immunol Pulmonol. 2012 Mar;25(1):3-10.

Mistry R, Dasika A. Antenatal Tobacco Use and Secondhand Smoke Exposure in the Home in India. Nicotine Tob Res. 2018 Jan 5;20(2):258-61.

Shaikh R, Saikia N. Socioeconomic inequalities in tobacco cessation among Indians above 15 years of age from 2009 to 2017: evidence from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS). BMC Public Health. 2022 Jul 26;22(1):1419.

Sharma K, Junaid M, Diwakar MK. Economic implications of tobacco industry in India: an overview. Indian Journal of Public Health. 2017 Apr 1;61(2):131.

Prochaska JJ, Das S, Young-Wolff KC. Smoking, mental illness, and public health. Annual review of public health. 2017 Mar 3;38:165.

Naeem Z. Second-hand smoke - ignored implications. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2015 Apr;9(2): 5-6.

Lee W, Hwang SH, Choi H, Kim H. The association between smoking or passive smoking and cardiovascular diseases using a Bayesian hierarchical model: based on the 2008-2013 Korea Community Health Survey. Epidemiol Health. 2017 Jun 22;39:e2017026

MacDorman MF, Mathews TJ. Infant mortality statistics from the 2004 period linked birth, infant death data set.

Raghuveer G, White DA, Hayman LL, Woo JG, Villafane J, Celermajer D, Ward KD, De Ferranti SD, Zachariah J. Cardiovascular consequences of childhood second-hand tobacco smoke exposure: prevailing evidence, burden, and racial and socioeconomic disparities: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016 Oct 18;134(16):e336-59.

Gianfrancesco MA, Crowson CS. Where There’s Smoke, There’s a Joint: Passive Smoking and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021 Dec;73(12):2161-62.

Onozaki K. Etiological and biological aspects of cigarette smoking in rheumatoid arthritis. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets. 2009 Dec;8(5):364-8.

Permitasari NPAL, Satibi S, Kristina SA. National Burden of Cancers Attributable to Second-hand Smoking in Indonesia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2018 Jul 27;19(7):1951-1955.

Scherübl H. Tabakrauchen und Krebsrisiko [Smoking tobacco and cancer risk]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2021 Mar;146(6):412-17.

Oono IP, Mackay DF, Pell JP. Meta-analysis of the association between second-hand smoke exposure and stroke. J Public Health (Oxf). 2011 Dec;33(4):496-502.

Rahman MM, Laher I. Structural and functional alteration of blood vessels caused by cigarette smoking: an overview of molecular mechanisms. Current vascular pharmacology. 2007 Oct 1;5(4):276-92.

Skipina TM, Upadhya B, Soliman EZ. Secondhand Smoke Exposure is Associated with Prevalent Heart Failure: Longitudinal Examination of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nicotine Tob Res. 2021 Aug 18;23(9):1512-17.

Moylan S, Jacka FN, Pasco JA, Berk M. How cigarette smoking may increase the risk of anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders: a critical review of biological pathways. Brain and behavior. 2013 May;3(3):302-26.

Chaudhary A, Thakur A, Chauhan T, Mahajan A, Barwal VK, Chamotra S et al. Creation of a Smoke-free Environment for Children: An Assessment of Compliance to COTPA 2003 Legislation in an Urban Area. Indian Pediatr. 2019 Oct 15;56(10):837-40.

Goel S, Ravindra K, Singh RJ, Sharma D. Effective smoke-free policies in achieving a high level of compliance with smoke-free law: experiences from a district of North India. Tobacco control. 2014 Jul 1;23(4):291-4.

Roemer R, Taylor A, Lariviere J. Origins of the WHO framework convention on tobacco control. American Journal of Public Health. 2005 Jun;95(6):936-8.

Kaur J, Jain DC. Tobacco control policies in India: implementation and challenges. Indian J Public Health. 2011 Jul-Sep;55(3):220-7.

Cigarettes and other Tobacco Products Act 2003 (COTPA 2003)

Almeida-da-Silva CLC, Matshik Dakafay H, O’Brien K, Montierth D, Xiao N, Ojcius DM. Effects of electronic cigarette aerosol exposure on oral and systemic health. Biomed J. 2021 Jun;44(3):252-59.

Pradhan A, Oswal K, Padhan A, Seth S, Sarin A, Sethuraman

L, Sebastian P, Purushotham A. Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) implementation in education institutions in India: A cross sectional study. Tob Prev Cessat. 2020 Sep 10;6-51.

Lantz PM, Jacobson PD, Warner KE, Wasserman J, Pollack HA, Berson J, Ahlstrom A. Investing in youth tobacco control: a review of smoking prevention and control strategies. Tobacco control. 2000 Mar 1;9(1):47-63

Downloads

Published

2023-03-31

How to Cite

1.
Sharma AD, Raghavan R, Garg S, Aggarwal P, Kishore S, Bera OP. Challenges of Second-hand Smoke: Are We Asking the Right Questions?. Indian J Community Health [Internet]. 2023 Mar. 31 [cited 2024 Nov. 25];35(1):04-8. Available from: http://iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/2537

Issue

Section

Review Article

Dimensions Badge

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 > >>