Correlating Substance Abuse Disorders and Mood Disorder: Clinical Implications of a Dimensional Approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47203/IJCH.2024.v36i03.012Keywords:
Anxiety, Depression, Substance abuse, GHQ-12, HAM-A, HAM-DAbstract
Background: Substance use disorder (SUD) often co-occurs with mood disorders like anxiety and depression. This study investigates the relationship between SUD and mood disorders using a dimensional approach. Methods: A total of 290 participants, including 145 with SUD and 145 healthy controls, were assessed. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) evaluated mental health, followed by interviews using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). Demographic information, substance use behaviours, and mental health symptoms were collected and analysed. Results: Of the participants, 90% were men and 10% women; 68.2% were married. Most SUD patients were smokers (71.0%) and alcohol users (35.8%), with others using drugs or tobacco (33.7% and 19.3%). The majority (84.8%) used drugs for a high. HAM-D results showed moderate to severe depression in 7.5% of SUD patients and 5.5% of controls. HAM-A results indicated 80.6% of the SUD group had anxiety, compared to 88.9% of controls with no anxiety. Conclusion: SUD patients frequently experience concurrent anxiety and depression, highlighting the need for dual diagnosis and integrated treatment for SUD and mood disorders.
Downloads
References
Ningombam S, Hutin Y, Murhekar MV. Prevalence and pattern of substance use among the higher secondary school students of Imphal, Manipur, India. Natl Med J India. 2011;24(1):11–5.
Grant BF, Stinson FS, Dawson DA, Chou SP, Dufour MC, Compton W, et al. Prevalence and co-occurrence of substance use disorders and IndependentMood and anxiety disorders: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and RelatedConditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry [Internet]. 2004;61(8):807-816.
Brooner RK. Psychiatric and substance use comorbidity among treatment-seeking opioid abusers. Arch Gen Psychiatry [Internet]. 1997;54(1):71-80.
Weisner C, Ray GT, Mertens JR, Satre DD, Moore C. Short-term alcohol and drug treatment outcomes predict long-term outcome. Drug Alcohol Depend [Internet]. 2003;71(3):281–94.
Johnson BA, editor. Addiction medicine: Science and practice. New York, NY: Springer New York; 2011.
Mohamed II, Ahmad HEK, Hassaan SH, Hassan SM. Assessment of anxiety and depression among substance use disorder patients: a case-control study. Middle East Curr Psychiatr [Internet]. 2020;27(1):1-8.
Goldberg DP, Hillier VF. A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychol Med [Internet]. 1979;9(1):139–45.
Thompson E. Hamilton rating scale for anxiety (HAM-A). Occup Med (Lond) [Internet]. 2015;65(7):601.
Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry [Internet]. 1960;23(1):56–62.
Panebianco D, Gallupe O, Carrington PJ, Colozzi I. Personal support networks, social capital, and risk of relapse among individuals treated for substance use issues. Int J Drug Policy [Internet]. 2016;27:146–53.
Jabeen S, Raja MS, Saeed S, Zafar MM, Ghani RA, Mahmood A, et al. Factors influencing vulnerability towards heroin addiction in a Pakistani cohort. Pak J Zool [Internet]. 2016;49(1):95–9.
Quello SB, Brady KT, Sonne SC. Mood disorders and substance use disorder: a complex comorbidity. Sci Pract Perspect [Internet]. 2005;3(1):13–21.
Cummins SE, Zhu S-H, Tedeschi GJ, Gamst AC, Myers MG. Use of e-cigarettes by individuals with mental health conditions. Tob Control [Internet]. 2014;23 Suppl 3(suppl 3):iii48-53.
Hodgson K, Almasy L, Knowles EEM, Kent JW, Curran JE, Dyer TD, et al. Genome-wide significant loci for addiction and anxiety. Eur Psychiatry [Internet]. 2016;36:47–54.
Pakhtunkhwa P, Naz P, Khan A. The menace of opiate, the socio-psychological and physiological impacts of opiate on addicts in Khyber. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2012;6:1753–64.
Avenevoli S, Stolar M, Li J, Dierker L, Ries Merikangas K. Comorbidity of depression in children and adolescents: models and evidence from a prospective high-risk family study. Biol Psychiatry [Internet]. 2001;49(12):1071–81.
Neale MC, Kendler KS. Models of comorbidity for multifactorial disorders. Am J Hum Genet. 1995;57(4):935–53.
Bellos S, Skapinakis P, Rai D, Zitko P, Araya R, Lewis G, et al. Longitudinal association between different levels of alcohol consumption and a new onset of depression and generalized anxiety disorder: Results from an international study in primary care. Psychiatry Res [Internet]. 2016;243:30–4.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Siraj Aaqid Syed , Shakti Chauhan, Diya Darshani Sharma, Deepti Nagrath, Jayanti Semwal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
