Prevalence of depression and health related quality of life among patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension attending a secondary care hospital in district Faridabad, Haryana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47203/IJCH.2022.v34i01.022Keywords:
Depression, Quality of Life, Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, IndiaAbstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HT) have significant effect on the mental health of the patient. and. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression, and the quality of life among patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension who attended a secondary care hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 618 patients who had DM and/or HT. PHQ-9 and WHO-BREF QOL questionnaire were administered to assess depression and health related quality of life respectively. Results: More than 2/3rd of patients had depression. Among those who had depression, nearly half (46%) had moderate depression and 2.1% had severe depression. The proportion of severely depressed patients was higher in diabetes mellitus group compared to the hypertension group. Patients that were depressed had poorer quality of life compared to non-depressed, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension may be screened for depression and managed accordingly.
Downloads
References
Causes of death statistics, Office of Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, Available from: www.censusindia.gov.in/vital_statistics/causesofdeath.html . [ Accessed on 13/03/22]
Global status report on non-communicable disease 2014, World Health Organization: 2014, Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/148114/9789241564854_eng.pdf?sequence=1 . [Accessed on 13/03/22]
Institute of health metrics and evaluation, GBD compare, Available from: http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare . [Last accessed on 13/03/22]
World Health Organization, WHOQOL: Measuring Quality of Life. Available from: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/survey/whoqol-qualityoflife/en/ . [Accessed on 13/03/22]
Karimi M, Brazier J. Health, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Quality of Life: What is the Difference? Pharmacoeconomics. 2016;34(7):645-9. doi: 10.1007/s40273-016-0389-9.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40273-016-0389-9
Alcocer L, Cueto L. Hypertension, a health economics perspective. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis. 2008;2(3):147-55. doi: 10.1177/1753944708090572.
Holt EW, Muntner P, Joyce CJ, Webber L, Krousel-Wood MA. Health-related quality of life and antihypertensive medication adherence among older adults. Age Ageing. 2010;39(4):481-7. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afq040.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afq040
Hayes DK, Denny CH, Keenan NL, Croft JB, Greenlund KJ. Health-related quality of life and hypertension status, awareness, treatment, and control: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001--2004. J Hypertens. 2008;26(4):641-7. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e3282f3eb50.
https://doi.org/10.1097/hjh.0b013e3282f3eb50
Depression fact sheet, World Health Organization; 2018. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression . [Accessed on 13/03/22]
Arvind BA, Gururaj G, Loganathan S, Amudhan S, Varghese M, Benegal V, Rao GN, Kokane AM, B S C, P K D, Ram D, Pathak K, R K LS, Singh LK, Sharma P, Saha PK, C R, Mehta RY, T M S; NMHS collaborators group. Prevalence and socioeconomic impact of depressive disorders in India: multisite population-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2019;9(6):e027250. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027250.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027250
Patten SB. Long-term medical conditions and major depression in the Canadian population. Can J Psychiatry. 1999;44(2):151-7. doi: 10.1177/070674379904400205.
https://doi.org/10.1177/070674379904400205
Kant S, Misra P, Gupta S, Goswami K, Krishnan A, Nongkynrih B, Rai SK, Srivastava R, Pandav CS. The Ballabgarh Health and Demographic Surveillance System (CRHSP-AIIMS). Int J Epidemiol. 2013;42(3):758-68. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyt055.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyt055
Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16(9):606-13. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
World Health Organization, WHOQOLBref, Available from: https://www.who.int/substance_abuse/research_tools/whoqolbref/en/ . [Accessed on 13/03/22]
Indian council of Medical Research. Guidelines for Management of Type 2 Diabetes 2018 Available from: https://medibulletin.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/ICMR.diabetesGuidelines.2018.pdf . [Accessed on 13/03/22]
Saleem SM. Modified Kuppuswamy scale updated for Year 2018. Par Ind J Res 2018 ;7 (I3):217-8
Stata-12, Stata Corp, Lakeway Drive, College Station, Texas USA.
Madhu M, Abish A, Anu K, Jophin RI, Kiran AM, Vijayakumar K. Predictors of depression among patients with diabetes mellitus in Southern India. Asian J Psychiatr. 2013;6(4):313-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2013.01.012
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2013.01.012
Raval A, Dhanaraj E, Bhansali A, Grover S, Tiwari P. Prevalence and determinants of depression in type 2 diabetes patients in a tertiary care centre. Indian J Med Res. 2010;132:195-200
Joseph N, Unnikrishnan B, Raghavendra Babu YP, Kotian MS, Nelliyanil M. Proportion of depression and its determinants among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in various tertiary care hospitals in Mangalore city of South India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2013;17(4):681-8. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.113761.
https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.113761
Poongothai S, Anjana RM, Pradeepa R, Ganesan A, Unnikrishnan R, Rema M, Mohan V. Association of depression with complications of type 2 diabetes--the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES- 102). J Assoc Physicians India. 2011;59:644-8.
https://doi.org/10.1089/dia.2010.0069
Khullar S, Dhillon H, Kaur G, Sharma R, Mehta K, Aggarwal R, Singh M, Singh P. The Prevalence and Predictors of Depression in Type 2 Diabetic Population of Punjab. Community Ment Health J. 2016;52(4):479-83. doi: 10.1007/s10597-015-9985-y.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-015-9985-y
Chaudhry R, Mishra P, Mishra J, Parminder S, Mishra BP. Psychiatric morbidity among diabetic patients: A hospital-based study. Ind Psychiatry J. 2010;19(1):47-9. doi: 10.4103/0972-6748.77637
https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-6748.77637
Kulkarni V, Chinnakali P, Kanchan T, Rao A, Shenoy M, Papanna MK. Psychiatric Co-morbidities among Patients with Select Non-communicable Diseases in a Coastal City of South India. Int J Prev Med. 2014;5(9):1139-45.
Chang YC, Yao G, Hu SC, Wang JD. Depression Affects the Scores of All Facets of the WHOQOL-BREF and May Mediate the Effects of Physical Disability among Community-Dwelling Older Adults. PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0128356. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128356
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Indian Journal of Community Health
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
