Omicron and vaccine booster dose – an update
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47203/IJCH.2022.v34i02.006Keywords:
COVID19, Omicron, Third Dose, Variant of ConcernAbstract
Mutations in coronavirus is not unheard off. The variant, Omicron B.1.1.529 has overall 50 mutations and is considered as a variant of concern. Though the new variant has shown changes throughout its genome, S gene changes predominate. Significant changes in the S encoding gene, S gene, influences not only the transmissibility properties of SARS-CoV-2 but also the efficacy of existing vaccines. Increased transmissibility and ability of this variant to evade host immune responses conferred either due to past infections or due to vaccination driving increase in number of infections. However, the severity of the infections is low in comparison to its predecessors. A meta-analysis of ten studies analyzing the effect of COVID-19 vaccine booster dose, it was found studies report 10-to-42-fold increase in omicron neutralization. COVID appropriate behaviors, if followed rigidly can bring a meaningful change in the viral spread and resultant health impacts.
Downloads
References
Harvey WT, Carabelli AM, Jackson B, Gupta RK, Thomson EC, Harrison EM, et al. SARS-CoV-2 variants, spike mutations and immune escape. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021;19(7):409–24.
Mohammadi M, Shayestehpour M, Mirzaei H. The impact of spike mutated variants of SARS-CoV2 [Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Lambda] on the efficacy of subunit recombinant vaccines. The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2021;25(4):101606.
Kuchipudi SV. Will omicron – the new coronavirus variant of concern – be more contagious than delta? A virus evolution expert explains what researchers know and what they don’t [Internet]. The Conversation. [ Accessed on 25/06/2022 ]. Available from: http://theconversation.com/will-omicron-the-new-coronavirus-variant-of-concern-be-more-contagious-than-delta-a-virus-evolution-expert-explains-what-researchers-know-and-what-they-dont-169020
Quarleri J, Galvan V, Delpino MV. Omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2: a quest to define the consequences of its high mutational load. GeroScience [Internet]. 2021 Dec 18 [cited 25/06/2022]; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-021-00500-4
Zheng J. SARS-CoV-2: an Emerging Coronavirus that Causes a Global Threat. Int J Biol Sci. 2020;16(10):1678–85.
The WHO coronavirus disease (COVID-19) explorer. COVID-19 Explorer [Internet]. COVID-19 Explorer. 2022. [ Accessed on 25/06/2022] Available from: https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/covid/
Taylor L. Covid-19: Omicron drives weekly record high in global infections. BMJ. 2022;376:o66.
Taylor L. Covid-19: Brazil sees omicron cases soar but data blackout obscures true impact. BMJ. 2022;376:o133.
Fonseca P, Simões E. Brazil reels as COVID-19 cases soar; hospitals, economy under pressure. Reuters [Internet]. 2022 Jan 14 [cited 25/06/2022]; Available from: https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/brazil-reels-omicron-spreads-weighing-hospitals-economy-2022-01-14/
Latin America and the Caribbean: the latest coronavirus counts, charts and maps. Reuters [Internet]. [Accessed on 25/06/2022]; Available from: https://graphics.reuters.com/world-coronavirus-tracker-and-maps/regions/latin-america-and-the-caribbean/
Sheikh A, Kerr S, Woolhouse M, McMenamin J, Robertson C. Severity of Omicron variant of concern and vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic disease: national cohort with nested test negative design study in Scotland. 2021 Dec 22 [Accessed on 25/06/2022]; Available from: https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/severity-of-omicron-variant-of-concern-and-vaccine-effectiveness-
Abdullah F, Myers J, Basu D, Tintinger G, Ueckermann V, Mathebula M, et al. Decreased severity of disease during the first global omicron variant covid-19 outbreak in a large hospital in tshwane, south africa. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2022;116:38–42.
Karim SSA, Karim QA. Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant: a new chapter in the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet. 2021;398(10317):2126–8.
Jassat W, Karim SA, Mudara C, Welch R, Ozougwu L, Groome M, et al. Clinical Severity of COVID-19 Patients Admitted to Hospitals in Gauteng, South Africa During the Omicron-Dominant Fourth Wave [Internet]. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network; 2021 Dec [cited 25/06/2022]. Report No.: ID 3996320. Available from: https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3996320
Lewnard JA, Hong VX, Patel MM, Kahn R, Lipsitch M, Tartof SY. Clinical outcomes among patients infected with Omicron (B.1.1.529) SARS-CoV-2 variant in southern California [Internet]. 2022 Jan [accessed on 25/06/2022] p. 2022.01.11.22269045. Available from: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.11.22269045v1
WHO team, WHO headquarters. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Vaccines [Internet]. Q&As on COVID-19 and related health topics. 2022. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)-vaccines?
Ferguson N, Ghani A, Cori A, Hogan A, Hinsley W. Report 49: Growth, population distribution and immune escape of Omicron in England+. . Imperial College London. 2021;10.
Bar-On YM, Goldberg Y, Mandel M, Bodenheimer O, Freedman L, Kalkstein N, et al. Protection of BNT162b2 Vaccine Booster against Covid-19 in Israel. New England Journal of Medicine. 2021;385(15):1393–400.
Lippi G, Mattiuzzi C, Henry BM. Neutralizing potency of COVID-19 vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant. Journal of Medical Virology[accessed on 25/06/2022). Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jmv.27575
Accorsi EK, Britton A, Fleming-Dutra KE, Smith ZR, Shang N, Derado G, et al. Association Between 3 Doses of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine and Symptomatic Infection Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta Variants. JAMA. 2022;327(7):639–51.
Callaway E. Mix-and-match COVID vaccines ace the effectiveness test. Nature [ Accessed on 25/06/2022] Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02853-4
Mohfw, Government of India. An Illustrated Guide on COVID Appropriate Behaviour [Internet]. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare; 2021. Available from: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/Illustrativeguidelineupdate.pdf
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Indian Journal of Community Health
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
