Epidemiological Determinants of Depression among the Geriatric Population Residing in a Slum of Urban India: A Cross-sectional Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47203/IJCH.2023.v35i02.014Keywords:
Humans, Aged, Child, Adolescent, Adult, Poverty Areas, Cross-Sectional Studies, Prevalence, Sample Size, Depression, One Health, Home Environment, Community Health ServicesAbstract
Background: Mental health is important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood. Worldwide interest in geriatric depression has increased but studies to assess the depression among the elderly population in urban slums has hardly been done. So this study would shed light on the risk factors of depression among geriatrics in urban slums.
Aim & Objective: To study the epidemiological determinants such as age, marital status, education, financial dependency, economic status and chronic illness in relation to of depression among the geriatric population (60–80 years).
Settings and Design: Community-based, cross-sectional study for 24 months with a samplesize of 209.
Methods & Material: Urban slum area represented by one health post was selectedas the study area which caters to around 96,630 slum residents. Pre-tested semi-structuredinterviews were conducted after selecting households by systematic random sampling. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. A chi-square test was applied.
Result: The present study shows overall prevalence of depression among the elderly above 60 years of age to be 48.6%. Depression is found to been significantly associated with an increase in age, living alone (72.7%), lower class economic status (100%), financial dependency (54%), history of chronic family illness (54.7%) and with no formal education (62.1%) among elderly dwelling in slums.
Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of depression in the community and hence, a need to sensitize Primary level Health Care Services to institute screening tests considering the association of these determinants with depression and link them to specialized services for further management.
Downloads
References
World Health Organization. Mental health and older adults. Fact Sheet 381.2016. Available from: http://www.who.int/ mediacentre/factsheets/fs381/en/ Accessed on 6th January 2022.
Ministry of Statistic & Programme Implementation - Elderly in India-2016 Available from: mospi .incises/default/files/ publication reports/Elderly inIndia_2016.pdf
Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation. Global burden of disease. 8th October 2021. Available from: https://www. healthdata.org/acting- data/new-ihme-analyses-show- depression-and-anxiety-among-top-causes-health-burden worldwide. Accessed on 6th January 2022.
Goel DS. Why mental health services in low-and middle-income countries are under-resourced, under-performing: An Indian perspective. National Medical Journal of India. 2011 Mar 1;24(2):2011.
Jain RK, Aras RY. Depression in geriatric population in urban slums of Mumbai. Indian Journal of Public Health.2007 Apr 5;51 (2).
Patil K, Kulkarni M, Dharmadhikari P. Depression among elderly people in an urban slum of Central India. Panacea J Med Sci. 2016 Dec 30;6(3):128-33.
Swarnalatha N. The prevalence of depression among the rural elderly in Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR. 2013 Jul;7(7):1356.
Jariwala V, Bansal RK, Patel S, Tamakuwala B. A study of depression among aged in Surat city. National Journal of Community Medicine. 2010 Jun 30;1(01):47-9.
Thirthahalli C, Suryanarayana SP, Sukumar GM, Bharath S, Rao GN, Murthy NS. Proportion and factors associated with depressive symptoms among elderly in an urban slum in Bangalore. Journal of Urban Health. 2014 Dec; 91:1065-75.
Sharma KD. Prevalence of depression among elderly residing in urban area. RGUHS Journal of Medical Sciences. 2016;6(2).
Nair SS, Hiremath SG, Nair SS. Depression among geriatrics: Prevalence and associated factors. International Journal of Current Research and Review. 2013 Apr 15;5(8):110.
Sanjay TV, Jahnavi R, Gangaboraiah B, Lakshmi P, Jayanthi S. Prevalence and factors influencing depression among elderly living in the urban poor locality of Bengaluru city. Int J Health Allied Sci. 2014 Apr 1;3(2):105-9.
Sengupta P, Benjamin AI. Prevalence of depression and associated risk factors among the elderly in urban and rural field practice areas of a tertiary care institution in Ludhiana. ?ndian journal of public health. 2015 Jan 1;59(1):3.
Hughes DC, DeMallie D, Blazer DG. Does age make a difference in the effects of physical health and social support on the outcome of a major depressive episode?. The American journal of psychiatry. 1993 May
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Shinde Jaishree S, Raviraj Uttamrao Kamble, Tale Jaya M, D H Rao
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
