Prevalence and Correlates of Substance Use in rural Bhubaneswar – A Community based Cross sectional Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47203/IJCH.2019.v31i01.015Keywords:
Substance-Related Disorders, Tobacco, Alcohol, SmokelessAbstract
Background: Substance use is an ever-increasing public health problem in the Indian society. Besides being a personal health risk, it is also a social and economic issue. The present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence and pattern of substance use in rural Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Material & Methods: A cross sectional community-based study was undertaken in rural Bhubaneswar in two phases, a pre survey qualitative assessment followed by the quantitative assessment. The prevalence, pattern and habit of use of different psychoactive substances were accessed using a predesigned pretested questionnaire among 574 study participants of greater than ten years of age. Results: The prevalence of use of at least one substance was 44.1%. Tobacco (smokeless) was the most commonly used substance followed by alcohol and smoked tobacco. Male gender, age greater than 40 years, joint family and being illiterate were the important predictors of substance use. Conclusions: A predominance of smokeless tobacco consumption was found in our study. Family members’ being the source of introduction in majority of users is a matter of serious concern. Community based intervention strategies can be helpful in targeting the rural population for deaddiction and delivering a social message for curbing the use of harmful substances.
Downloads
References
Substance use: World Health Organisation [homepage on the internet]. Available at: http://www.who.int/topics/ substance_use/en/ [Accessed on 19.04.2018]
Charlson FJ, Baxter AJ, Cheng HG, Shidhaye, R, Whiteford HA. The burden of mental, neurological, and substance use disorders in China and India: a systematic analysis of community representative epidemiological studies. Lancet. 2016 Jul 23; 388(10042):376-89.
Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2016. Seattle, WA: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), University of Washington; 2017. Available at: vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/. [Accessed on 16.05.2018]
Siddiqi K, Shah S, Abbas SM, Vidyasagaran A, Jawad M, Dogar O, Sheikh A. Global burden of disease due to smokeless tobacco consumption in adults: analysis of data from 113 countries. BMC Med. 2015 Aug 17;13:194. doi: 10.1186/s12916-015-0424-2. PubMed PMID: 26278072; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4538761.[PubMed]
ICMR-MRC Workshop on Chronic Diseases. Building Indo-UK collaboration in chronic diseases. 2009. Available at: https://mrc.ukri.org/publications/browse/building-indo-uk-collaborations-in-chronic-diseases/ . [Accessed on 18.06.2018]
Tobacco facts.net. India Tobacco Production. Available at: http://www.tobacco-facts.net/tobacco-industry/india-tobaccoproduction. [Accessed on 21.06.2018]
WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2008: The MPOWER package. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008. Available at: https://www.who.int/tobacco /mpower/2008/en/. [Accessed on 16.05.2018]
Jiloha RC. Prevention, early intervention, and harm reduction of substance use in adolescents. Indian J Psychiatry. 2017 Jan-Mar;59(1):111-118. doi: 10.4103/0019-5545.204444. PubMed PMID: 28529370; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5418996.[PubMed]
UNODC, World Drug Report 2012 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.12.XI.1). Available at: https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/WDR-2012.html. [Accessed on 16.05.2018]
Boffetta P, Hecht S, Gray N, Gupta P, Straif K. Smokeless tobacco and cancer. Lancet Oncol. 2008 Jul;9(7):667-75. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70173-6. Review. PubMed PMID: 18598931.[PubMed]
Suwanwela C, Poshyachinda V. Drug abuse in Asia. Bull Narc. 1986 Jan-Jun;38(1-2):41-53. Review. PubMed PMID: 3535959.[PubMed]
Sarangi L, Acharya HP, Panigrahi OP. Substance abuse among adolescents in urban slums of sambalpur. Indian J Community Med. 2008 Oct;33(4):265-7. doi: 10.4103/0970-0218.43236. PubMed PMID: 19876504; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2763700.[PubMed].
Edwards SH, Humeniuk RE, Ali R, Poznyak V, Monteiro M. The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST): Guidelines for Use in Primary Care (Draft Version 1.1 for Field Testing). Geneva, World Health Organization, 2010. Available at: http://www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44320 [Accessed on 16.05.2018]
Kokiwar PR, Jogdand GR. Prevalence of substance use among male adolescents in an urban slum area of Karimnagar district, Andhra Pradesh. Indian J Public Health. 2011 Jan-Mar;55(1):42-5. doi: 10.4103/0019-557X.82550. PubMed PMID: 21727681.[PubMed].
Sharma B, Arora A, Singh K, Singh H, Kaur P. Drug abuse: Uncovering the burden in rural Punjab. J Family Med Prim Care. 2017 Jul-Sep;6(3):558-562. doi: 10.4103/2249-4863.222037. PubMed PMID: 29417008; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5787955.[PubMed].
Ray R. The extent, pattern and trends of drug use in India: National Survey. New Delhi: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India. 2004. Available at: www.unodc.org/India/Indianationalsurvey 2004.html. [accessed on 30.05.2018]
Global Adult Tobacco Survey: Fact Sheet. India 2016-17. Available from: https://mohfw.gov.in/node/3237. [accessed on 02.06.2018]
Chavan BS, Arun P, Bhargava R, Singh GP. Prevalence of alcohol and drug dependence in rural and slum population of Chandigarh: A community survey. Indian J Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;49(1):44-8. doi: 10.4103/0019-5545.31517. PubMed PMID: 20640064; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2899998.[PubMed].
Tiwari SC, Kumar P, Tripathi R. Pattern and frequency of substance use in urban population of Lucknow. Indian J Psychiatry. 2008; 17(1):33-8.
Verma PS. The Drug Menace: Dimensions, Trends and Tribulations in Punjab. Chandigarh: Institute for Development and Communication; 2014.
Chatterjee N, Patil D, Kadam R, Fernandes G. The Tobacco-free Village program: helping rural areas implement and achieve goals of tobacco control policies in India. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2017; 5(3):476-85.
Kumar SM. Rapid Assessment Survey of Drug Abuse in India. Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India and United Nations office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Regional office for South Asia. 2002. Available at: http://www.unodc.org/india/ras.html. [Accessed on 04.06.2018]
Arora R, Mahajan S. Epidemiological study on drug abusers in rural population of Amritsar (Punjab). Int J of Contemporary Med Research 2016; 3(10):3018-20.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Indian Journal of Community Health
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
