Impending scope of Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in the post COVID19 pandemic era: An opportunity call
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47203/IJCH.2020.v32i02SUPP.013Keywords:
WASH, COVID-19, Pandemic, LMICAbstract
COVID19 pandemic is now testing health systems of countries globally irrespective of geographical location, environmental conditions, and population demographics. Among various prevention strategies as suggested by WHO and others, hand hygiene has emerged as the most important public health preventive measure to control similar outbreaks in the past (SARS & MERS) also including the current COVID19 pandemic. The COVID19 pandemic provides a well-timed opportunity to stress the importance of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) in the healthcare facilities (HCFs) and optimize infection prevention control across the globe. It also gives an opportunity to extend beyond conventional WASH and includes domains of biomedical waste management, Infection Prevention, and Control activities and also environmental hygiene. This perspective piece elaborates on the importance of optimal WASH and future scopes in HCFs during the post COVID19 pandemic era.
Downloads
References
Ma Q-X, Shan H, Zhang H-L, et al. Potential utilities of mask wearing and instant hand hygiene for fighting SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Medical Virology
Eurosurveillance Editorial Team. Note from the editors: World Health Organization declares novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) sixth public health emergency of international concern. Euro surveillance?: bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin 2020;25. doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.5.200131e
The Lancet. Palliative care and the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet. 2020;395:1168. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30822-9
Tian HY. 2019-nCoV: new challenges from coronavirus. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020;:E001–E001.
Varia M, Wilson S, Sarwal S, et al. Investigation of a nosocomial outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Toronto, Canada. CMAJ 2003;169:285–92.
Chowell G, Abdirizak F, Lee S, et al. Transmission characteristics of MERS and SARS in the healthcare setting: A comparative study. BMC Medicine 2015;13:210. doi:10.1186/s12916-015-0450-0
Kraay ANM, Hayashi MAL, Hernandez-Ceron N, et al. Fomite-mediated transmission as a sufficient pathway: A comparative analysis across three viral pathogens 11 Medical and Health Sciences 1117 Public Health and Health Services. BMC Infectious Diseases 2018;18. doi:10.1186/s12879-018-3425-x
Boone SA, Gerba CP. Significance of fomites in the spread of respiratory and enteric viral disease. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2007;73:1687–96. doi:10.1128/AEM.02051-06
Fomites and Infection Transmission | Infection Control Today.
Dancer SJ. The role of environmental cleaning in the control of hospital-acquired infection. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2009;73:378–85. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2009.03.030
Weber N, Martinsen AL, Sani A, et al. Strengthening Healthcare Facilities Through Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Improvements: A Pilot Evaluation of wASH FIT in Togo. Health Security 2018;16:S24–45. doi:10.1089/hs.2018.0042
Huttinger A, Dreibelbis R, Kayigamba F, et al. Water, sanitation and hygiene infrastructure and quality in rural healthcare facilities in Rwanda. BMC Health Services Research 2017;17:517. doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2460-4
Breidablik HJ, Lysebo DE, Johannesse L, et al. Effects of hand disinfection with alcohol hand rub, ozonized water or soap water – time for reconsideration? Journal of Hospital Infection
Ran L, Chen X, Wang Y, et al. Risk Factors of Healthcare Workers with Corona Virus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Designated Hospital of Wuhan in China. Clinical infectious diseases?: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
World Health Organization . Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Situation Reports. WO Director-General’s Special envoys on COVID-19 preparedness and response. 2020;:1–11.https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports (accessed 11 Apr 2020).
Kampf G, Todt D, Pfaender S, et al. Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and its inactivation with biocidal agents. Journal of Hospital Infection 2020.
Patel A, Jernigan DB, nCo VCDCRT. Initial Public Health Response and Interim Clinical Guidance for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak - United States, December 31, 2019-February 4, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;:140–6.
Organization WH. WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care: first global patient safety challenge: clean care is safer care. 2009.
Rush JL, Flowers RH, Casamiquela KM, et al. The knock: An adjunct to education for improving outpatient hand hygiene. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2016;75:231–3. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2016.01.027
Wong VWY, Cowling BJ, Aiello AE. Hand hygiene and risk of influenza virus infections in the community: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiology and Infection. 2014;142:922–32. doi:10.1017/S095026881400003X
World Bank . WASH (Water, Sanitation & Hygiene) and COVID-19. WASH interventions for effective COVID19 pandemic response. 2020;101:1.https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water/brief/wash-water-sanitation-hygiene-and-covid-19 (accessed 11 Apr 2020).
Zhang MC, Xie HT, Xu KK, et al. Suggestions for disinfection of ophthalmic examination equipment and protection of ophthalmologist against 2019 novel coronavirus infection. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2020;:E001–E001.
Trivedi P, Patel K, Yasobant S, et al. Visually clean is not necessarily microbiologically safe: Learnings from WASH assessment of maternity units of Gujarat, India. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 2020;9:788. doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1066_19
Gon G, Dancer S, Dreibelbis R, et al. Article Type: Letter to the Editor Reducing hand recontamination of health workers during COVID-19. doi:10.1017/ice.2020.111
USAID. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH), Maternal Child Survival Program. 2019.
World Health Organization and The United Nations Children’s Fund. WASH in health care facilities: Global baseline report 2019. Geneva: 2019. doi:CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO
Mk W, Fronti S, Haemorrhagic F, et al. Recommendation to Member States to improve hand hygiene practices widely to help prevent the transmission of the COVID-19 virus by?: 1 . Providing universal access to public hand hygiene stations and making their use obligatory on entering and leaving any. 2020;:2–4.
Patel K, Kalpana P, Trivedi P, et al. Assessment of water, sanitation and hygiene in HCFs: Which tool to follow? Reviews on Environmental Health. 2019. doi:10.1515/reveh-2019-0001
Patel K, Yasobant S, Trivedi P, et al. Water Sanitation & Hygiene (WASH) Tool Box plus for rapid assessment of Healthcare facilities: Experiences from India. Gandhinagar: 2020. dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bceaitae
Cross S, Gon G, Morrison E, et al. An invisible workforce: the neglected role of cleaners in patient safety on maternity units. Global Health Action 2019;12. doi:10.1080/16549716.2018.1480085
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Indian Journal of Community Health
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.